Is succession planning a neccessity every small to medium family Essay

Is succession planning a neccessity every small to medium family business should face - Essay Example In pursue well be the limitation of the research and a summary with recommendations. Berenbein (1990) asserts that it is necessary for each organization to anitcipate its succession plan, and be able to acknowledge its reality. SMEs have ben particularly interested in this area of research, focusing on the ‘heir’ who shall take on the leadership of the enterprise in the next generation. The current results show that there are no significant, drastic changes behind the past and current leadership of Company XY. The same issues that confront old leadership have remained the same issues for the new leadership. While such a smooth transition has been possible, there were certain issues that surfaced from the qualitative data. Davis (1983) has effective succession is a tricky issue, in lieu of the fact that it requires something more profound than change in structure; instead, it requies change in the norms and values of the organization – on other words, it requires cultural change. One manager of Company XY even commented, â€Å"The initial difficulty of senior management to adjust to the new president’s leadership lies in the culture itself. They have gotten used to the norms of the old president; however, there have been so many changes that speak of new ways of doing things. The new president advocates a new set of norms. That took some time to get used to, especially among us old guards.† Kuratko & Hodgetts (in Kuratko, 1993) has provided a critique of the tactics used to undertake succession planning. Those that were determined encompassed comprehending â€Å"the contextual as ­pects such as time, type of venture, managerial capabilities, and environ ­ment; identifying succession qualities such as technical skills, business knowl ­edge, perseverance, etc., and carrying out the succession plans which includes the grooming and preparation of a suc ­cessor.† (p. 23). Because the

Bible Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bible Studies - Essay Example a historical one or a literal one, it is clear that many of the themes of the individual stories are themes or problems that communities still deal with today. The Old Testament story of Ruth is one such Bible story that relates a serious community problem that is prevalent today, and a story that has several important themes that serve as the lesson learned for the community. It serves some purpose here to discuss interpretation. The Bible is replete with metaphors which serve to enlarge the stories and intrigue the reader and to demonstrate the pros and cons of faith, the moral of the story, and the â€Å"I told you so† concepts. â€Å"For example, when the Bible speaks of the arm of God, it is not suggesting that God has limbs in the sense that you or I have them.1 It is, rather, suggesting rather the arms of God are conceptually large, that they can extend from the heights of heaven and, metaphorically, embrace or release a person of faith, or of little faith respectively. The interpretation of the Bible has been debated since the time of the Bible. â€Å"The highly subjective school of Alexandria insisted that the Biblical writers were literalists; the more objective school of Antioch held, and showed, that these expressions are figures of speech.†2 For example, many of the individual Bible stories reflect on Jesus feeding the multitudes with a loaf of bread and a single fish. What this might suggest, from the perspective of the school of Antioch, is that Jesus satisfied the hunger of the multitudes, which were spiritually starved. That he did so with a single loaf of bread and a single fish, is metaphorically referring to the sustenance of faith. The school of Alexandria, however, would have us believe that Jesus indeed served the multitudes with but a loaf of bread and a single fish, and sustained their physical hunger. This serves the notion of the miraculous abilities of Jesus, who was the embodiment of God among mankind. Modern scholars and

Far From The Madding Crowd

Far From The Madding Crowd How does Thomas Hardy gain sympathy for his female characters in Far From The Madding Crowd? Sympathy allows us to walk in someone elses shoes. It gives us the ability to recognise another persons perspective on a situation and offer emotional support. Thomas Hardy witnessed the conspicuous class distinctions of the late nineteenth century. He felt strongly about the social divide between men and women, deliberately setting his novel before The Married Womens Property Act was published. Although these laws are not beneficial in terms we understand today, it represented a significant development of womens right. Far From The Madding Crowd is set in the early 19th century where women evidently had an inferior status compared to men, and were frequently limited on what they were permitted to do. Hardy aimed to challenge and redefine the role of women, through his unconventional illustration of his female protagonist, which challenged the Victorian ideology of the perfect lady. Throughout the novel Hardy illustrates a stark contrast between two females struggling through life in Patriarchal society. Bathsheba is portrayed as an independent, feisty, unconventional Victorian woman frowned on by society, in comparison to Fanny Robins character who conforms to the stereotypical ideology of Victorian women desperately seeking attention from the man she loves and living out the role of the victim. In the first chapter, Bathshebas character is immediately introduced as vain. This characteristic is portrayed through Hardys use of language she blushed at herself and clearly through Gabriels Oak observation but she has her faults vanity. She behaves in a very eccentric manner by unwrapping her looking glass and admiring herself attentively. She practises smiling to see how attractive she is to men. Here her selfish quality covers up her subconscious insecurities of feeling ashamed, weak and vulnerable, although she does not want to raise awareness of her anxiety, because she may feel that it makes her look fragile or inadequate as a woman farmer. She was constantly aware of how she was presented through other people opinions. Bathshebas vanity is the prominent, most excruciatingly obvious weakness, placing her in emotional dangerous situations. It was a direct result of her vanity, and her impetuous nature, that influenced Bathsheba to send Boldwood an anonymous valentines card. F eeling piqued by Boldwoods lack of interest resulting in Boldwood directing his attention to her. Bathsheba is placed in an unstable marriage with Troy, after Troy indulges her vanity by consistently praising her beauty and youthful looks Bathsheba instantly believes she is love with him, her heart erratically flitting hither and thither from perplexed excitement. Agreeing to meet Troy in secret at night, Troy kisses her set her stinging as if lame to the very hollow of her feet. Bathsheba jealously is aroused when Troy announces that he is considering marring another woman, preventing this possible affront to her vanity, Bathsheba marries Troy. Bathsheba faced the adversity of living in a male dominant society attitudes towards women in the 19th century. She illustrates a very independent woman who opposed the preconceived idea of a womans role in the 19th century by inheriting her uncles farm, and running the farm effectively. She is unconventional for being a farmer and a feminist in her own right, To manage everything with my own head and hands. We know that this quote is truthful due to the fact that upon catching her bailiff stealing she instantly dismisses him, and by doing the job herself has shown her supreme independence, confidence and what some conclude as, arrogance. This reveals yet another of her weaknesses-impulsiveness. The farm workers believe that having Bathsheba as their balif will bring them all to the bad, Bathsheba is very much out of place amongst a dominant male farming society. Her gender brings doubt and lack of faith amongst the farm workers; The other man would then shake his head. The language Hardy uses to describe the attitude of the Farm worker towards Bathsheba allows the reader to gain compassion toward the protagonist because of her moral intentions. For the farm workers, any change is wrong, but over time as Bathsheba begins to adapt their opinion on Bathsheba as a woman farmer changed she lightens up the old place . Troy married Bathsheba not because of his love for her but for her wealth. By The Married Womens Property Act in the 19th century, as a result of marriage a the husband was allowed to take his wifes earnings, Bathsheba could you let me have twenty pounds. This shows how Troy uses the law to take advantage of Bathsheba, by taking her money. By doing this Bathsheba feels out of her depth, she cannot cope with the thought that Troy is using her finance for his own goings on, but she still allows him to have complete control over her because she loves him. As the novel progresses, the audience undergo the emotional turmoil, which leads Bathshebas character as a self-reliant unconventional woman into a dependent, weaken fairly stereotypical woman. And what shall I do without you? The use of Hardys language illustrates how weakened and dependent she has become. Throughout the novel, Bathsheba confides in Gabriel expecting and needing Gabriel to advise and support her on her decision until she meets Troy and confides in him too You will, Frank, kiss me too! Hardys language portrays how desperate Bathsheba has become, in chapter 43 Fannys revenge Bathsheba shows generosity towards Fanny and her baby when she lay flowers from the vase around her head, knew of no other way of showing kindness but jealously is also displayed towards Fanny and the baby when she sprang towards him shouting with all the passion Dont kiss them kiss me too! By analysing the meaning of her name the reader is able to learn more about her character. Her first name Bathsheba has a biblical reference. Bathsheba represents all that is forbidden and is ironically often characterised as the malevolent temptress, which holds great similarity to Bathsheba (Davids Wife) who was the wife of Uriah who committed adultery with David, she later married him after he had ordered the killing of her husband. We can relate this story to the character of Bathsheba Everdene for she was willing to marry someone for security and not for love, demonstrated through her relationship with Boldwood. Not surprisingly though, being so independent she does not rate marriage very highly, I should not mind being a bride at a wedding if I could be without having a husband. This shows us that she is not very keen on the love and marriage. However, her surname is in direct contrast to her first. Her surname Everdene can also be associated into how she visualised herself a fair product of nature and as the meaning of her surname suggests; timeless qualities of nature. This may also have been relevant as to where she felt most contented, and where she did not have to impress anyone. I think her surname shares a link to the inner Bathsheba, which is hidden underneath her outstanding eccentric characteristics. She is consistently hardworking and independent; this could be why she was so successful in managing her uncles farm. It gave her a chance to relax and clear her mind from all the chaos that surrounded her constantly. Throughout the course of Far From The Madding Crowd, Bathsheba experiences multiple changes in her character, drastically changing her behaviour and overturning her personality for the best during her increasingly turbulent life. While Bathsheba has many good qualities and pleasant aspects to her character, she also possesses a number of weaknesses that dramatically affected her life, hence humanising her for the audience sympathy. At the beginning of the novel Bathsheba could be described as arrogant for her stubborn behaviour she displays to the waggoner as she pays the man at the tollgate an inadequate amount of money, she says that enough that Ive offered and she wont pay anymore. She behaves in a disdainful way with him. She looks down on him as someone who is there to take orders from her. This haughtiness is derived from some sense of superiority. But as the story progresses and she is introduced to Troy she is weaken by him into a vulnerable and stereotypical woman, which the reader begins to favour, and like. Hardys portrayal of the protagonists descent from an outspoken unconventional women to a stereotypical woman her husbands property, instantly gains the readers commiserations. Hardys relationship with his protagonist character can be defined as respected. He keeps an exceedingly close connection to Bathsheba allowing the reader to understand her situations throughout the novel. Hardys choice of enabling the reader to see her from Oaks point of view, gives the spectators opportunity to understand her decisions as Gabriel is portrayed as a modest and humble man for even when he lost his farm he moved forward. Passed through an ordeal of wretchedness. Therefore, for Gabriel to like such an unconventional woman suggest to the reader that there are many good points of her. Poor Bathsheba. This quote was emphasised by Hardy himself. Hardy shows sympathy for his protagonist with his use of emotive language, her eyes are so miserable that shes not the same woman . Fanny Robin is on the other end of the social hierarchy, she is a direct contrast of Bathsheba Everdene; Bathsheba has dark hair and wears bold clothes that highlight her personality crimson jacket. However, Fanny has yellow hair and could be easily portrayed has frail slight and fragile creature. Fanny is depicted as a shadowy figure, adding mystery to the plot. Hardy evokes sympathy for Fanny when she is first introduced in chapter seven, in Weatherbury churchyard where she is escaping from her daily job as a housemaid. When abreast of a trunk, which appeared to be the oldest of the old, he became aware that a figure was standing behind it she appears to be a timid girl that wants to go unnoticed if she could help it. Gabriel notices how weak and vulnerable she seems, as she is thinly clad. Gabriel shows his generosity by offering her a shilling, which she happily accepts. The audience instantly becomes aware of her lower social status and are confused by why she is running away from a secure environment. Fanny spent all of her life depending on others for her well being. Mr. Boldwood out of genoristy brought her up as she is an orphan. Boldwood represented a father figure to Fanny for she lost both her parents at an early age, He provided her with both an eductaion, Took her and put her to school and found her work Got her a place on The Everdenes farm. Orphan girls such as Fanny were placed in domestic work. Even though Boldwood provided her with a secure environment, she missed the presence of a mother figure. When Fanny meets Troy she is immediately portrayed as a pleading, desperate young lady. Now, dear Frank, when shall it be? Hardys use of language illustrates how desperate she is. But, through her difficult situation she never demands but instead pleads with Troy. Similar to Bathsheba, Fanny can also act unconventionally, for example when she runs away from the Everdenes farm to marry Troy although she is depicted as a vulnerable girl in a hostile landscape. This is effective in that it draws the readers sympathy for Fanny because of her weak stature and the harsh surroundings that she had to survive with each day. Ironically though her letter rejoicing in her forthcoming marriage she could be perceived as naive and premature. Through this Hardy again evokes sympathy and pity for Fanny when she goes to the wrong church and faces Troys wrath, This gave Troy a perfect opportunity to abandon Fanny and marry Bathsheba, unknowingly to Troy, Fanny is pregnant and destitute. She is a victim in this circumstance, a shadowy presence who reveals Troys fickleness when he flirts with Bathsheba. Fanny would be frowned upon for giving birth to an illegitimate child, with no husband by her side she would have to face this prejudice unaccompanied. Her determination helps her deal with her pregnancy. She still carries on her search for Troy despite her condition. This is the complete opposite to Troys nature. This shows that Fanny is naÃÆ'ĮÃÆ'‚ÂÂ ¯ve, she does not realise Troys true nature and that he is simply using her. Troys treatment towards Fanny contributes to the affection given by the reader to Fanny. In chapter 11- Outside the barrack, Troy is introduced for the first time in the novel he is immediately portrayed as a careless and thoughtless man, when he leaves Fanny outside the barrack in the cold weather the embrowning by frost. Hardy positions Troy so that the window he is in when conversing with Fanny is portrayed as a framing device symbolising his power over Fanny. Hardys use of language to describe the control Troy as over Fanny provokes the readers compassion to watch a weak lady being handled by a selfish man, who only cares for his own interest and health. Its obvious that Fanny is in love with Troy, as she tells him directly, Frank I love you so. also she walked most of the way to the barracks from Casterbridge proves how much she loves him but instead of sympathy for Fanny, Troys initial thought were well, you have to get some proper clothes. Consequently, Fanny conceals her pregnancy and supports herself until she goes to Casterbridge workhouse to have her baby. Hardy evokes sympathy for Fanny in this situation, because she could have demanded Troy to take care of her and the unborn baby, but she didnt, and in doing so demonstrate that she had respected Troys choice to marry Bathsheba. Realising how her social status and upbringing would have affected Troy, she left him alone. Fanny shows great courage and generous behaviour for she had so little, but yet payed the ultimate price of death. Hardys emotive explanation of Fannys intense exhaustion depicts in harrowing detail her last journey. The audience are able to emphasise every step she takes she crawled to the bridge Hardy illustrates a poignant picture of her suffering, with her little arms resting on a large dog dragging her to the workhouse where she awaits her death caused by giving birth to an illegitimate child. It is Fannys death and Troys realisation that he did love her in retrospect that finally annihilates their already deteriorating marriage between him and Bathsheba. This meeting enables Hardy to emphasise the irony of her role: she is used to highlight Troys character, until Bathsheba herself realises Troys true character. Gabriel leaves Fanny coffin to rest at Bathshebas house, which is near to where she will be buried the next day. On the coffin though it read Fanny Robin and Child Gabriel took his handkerchief and cautiously rubbed out the two final words, leaving one dedication Fanny Robin only. Gabriel did this to protect Bathsheba from getting hurt and maybe even to protect Troy from the embarrassment, as he was the father of an illegitimate child. From analysing Fannys surname Robin gives an idea of an animal that is small, fragile and beautiful but is also vulnerable and timid that hardy wanted to create connotations to her surname and this was just the simplicity of her character. In the end Hardy left Fanny with the most remarkable scene in the novel where the gurgoyle was dripping water all over her grave leaving it ruined. The persistent torrent from the gurgoyles jaws directed all of its vengeance into the grave . This is where Hardy has evoked the most sympathy for Fanny, as most readers would agree. Troy took Fanny for granted always expecting her to be there and only realised how much he loved her when she died, you dont know what you got till its gone . Throughout the novel, Fanny is presented as a victim of fate and circumstance. Her life is controlled by fate and chance and this portrays how her function for Hardy extends beyond the plot and the development of other characters. Fanny Robin has a minor role in the novel Far From the Madding Crowd however the sense cannot be said about the significance of the character Fanny Robin she is use to highlight Troys true character and represent a model of a Victorian women. Hardys use of language describe the grief of Fannys struggle as a stereotypical Victorian woman in a society that disregards mens error but excludes women for theirs. Through Hardys emotional descriptions, the reader is made to feel empathy for Fanny and her circumstance, O pity me, Lord!. Each time Fanny is seen in the novel, she is either traveling or waiting to meet her only love. Hardys pity is given to Fanny as he expresses in the text suffering woman showing his sorrow for Fanny. Hardy has presented his female characters in the most appropriate and effective way in order to draw sympathy from them. His use of men helped to evoke sympathy for his two female characters; for example Gabriel kind hearted generosity allowed the reader to sympathise with Bathsheba situations for she always came to him in desperate need of adviceAnd what shall I do without you? Gabriel was the first character to interact with Fanny noticing how desperate and weak she appeared. Another example is Sergeant Troy and his dismissal to Fanny immediately allows the reader to relate and understand her through her difficult circumstance. It was Troy that weakens Bathsheba in believing that he was the only man for her and going against all of her feminist rights. But towards the ending of the novel Hardy holds a great moral at which is to cherish everything you have in life because one day they might not be there.

Napoleon Betrayed the Revolution Essay -- Napoleon Bonaparte French Re

Napoleon Betrayed the Revolution In order to investigate the claim that ‘Napoleon betrayed the revolution’, it has to be determined what is the French revolution? And what are the revolutionary ideals that Napoleon allegedly betrayed? If Napoleon betrayed the Revolution then he betrayed the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity. However if Napoleon did not betray the revolution, he consolidated the revolutionary ideals. The only way of determining whether Napoleon consolidated or betrayed the revolution is to explore his actions such as his military success, Dictatorship and social reforms. The difficulty of this analysis is that Napoleons motives for his actions determine whether he consolidated or betrayed the Revolution. If Napoleon betrayed the revolution, then he betrayed the ideals of Liberty, equality and fraternity. For it is ideals rather than realities that Napoleon allegedly betrayed. The reality of the French revolution is 8 periods of constant change and successions of policies and leaders, with each new leader and party bringing amendments to the revolution. Napoleon’s â€Å"coupd’e`tat of 18 brumaire was an insurance against both Jacobin revolution and Royalist restoration.† The French people expected Napoleon to bring back peace, order and to consolidate the political and social conquests of the Revolution. Napoleon considered these conquests to be â€Å"the sacred rights of property, equality and liberty.† If Napoleon gained power with the promise of upholding the principals of the French Revolution how did he betray the revolution? Many historians argue that Napoleon was an effective but ambitious leader. This ambition led to a dictatorship, which they consi der Napoleons ultimate betrayal. However other Historians such as Tombs and Furet see Napoleon’s regime as â€Å"the most convincing though temporary solution to the political and ideological problems bequeathed by the Revolution.† Napoleons dictatorship can also be considered a natural progression from the authoritarian nature of the French revolution. One idea is that is undebatable is - if Napoleon betrayed the French Revolution, this means that his actions, motives and policies were disloyal to the Revolutionary ideals of Liberty, equality and Fraternity. Napoleon was an outstanding military commander and enjoyed many successful campaigns. Napoleon maintained the Revolutionary syst... ...ad amassed. Bibliography Broers, Michael Europe Under Napoleon 1799-1815 Arnold, London, 1996 Ellis, Geoffrey Profiles in Power: Napoleon, Longman, New York, 1997 Encyclopaedia Britannica, CD Rom, Standard Edition, 1999 Furet, Francois ‘Napoleon Bonaparte’ in G, Kates(ed.) The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies Clarendon Press, Oxford (1997) Gildea, Robert Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914, Oxford University Press, New York 2nd edn, 1996 Napoleon, Conversation, 1800 Herold, J.Christopher (ed.) The Mind of Napoleon (London,1955), item no.106 Holmberg, Tom The empire between dictatorship and monarchy http://www.iselinge.nl/napoleon/html/body_nap_and_revolution.html, 1998 Napoleon to the French Nation, 15 Dec 1799, Howard, John Letters and Documents of Napoleon (London, 1961) p.428. Lyons, Martyn Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution Macmillan, London, 1994 Schroeder, Paul The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848 Clarendon Press, Oxford 1994 Tombs, Robert France 1814-1914, Longman, NewYork, 1996 War Times Journal Napoleonic Wars website http://www.wtj.com/portal/wars/modern/napoleonic/

It’s Also For Me Essay

Since I was in prep school, there is always a significant number of people who talk to me in English. And even if it’s not my prime vernacular, I try really hard to converse back. I have to admit that, most of the time, I have difficulties in understanding native English speakers as the use of slang is very popular here in the United States. I got the hang of it, though, by trying to learn the language on my own – whenever my schedule permits. I scan the dictionary every once in a while, read English short stories often, and ask my friends to talk to me in English whenever possible. These are the few ways I dig to acquire competence in writing and speaking in English, not to mention the fact that I never have had an English subject back in elementary and high school. Now that I plan to enter college, I need to pass the University Writing Skills Requirement (UWSR) as a requisite for a baccalaureate degree in my prospect university. This requirement is to measure a student’s competency in English writing. It’s a tough thing for me – that’s a given. But with my determination and persistence to hone my English skills (writing in particular), I am certain that I will be able to go through it and be admitted. Why not? This could also be for me! I want to prove to myself that even if I’m not a native English woman, I can put myself in a position where the natives are in – level myself to them, so to speak. I started writing in English in grade school. Even if my phrasing is bad, and most of my sentences consist of grammatical errors, I never forwent my desire to write. To strike a balance, though, I also write in my native language which is . I kept a diary and wrote a number of poems both in English and in . Back then, I remember I had troubles with my subject-verb agreement. I weren’t able to differentiate phrases from sentences, nouns and verbs, the past and present tenses and all that jazz. And as to speaking, I seemed to suck at pronunciation; I used to pronounce mad, mud and mod in the same way! But as I said, that was before. I am now pretty complacent of my English skills, more importantly in writing. I considered challenge every single encounter I had with a native English speaker. I tried to talk back with all confidence; and true indeed, each experience 0effected to an improvement in my skills. I am positive about satisfying the UWSR by taking the Writing Skills Test (WST) which will demonstrate my critical thinking and good analysis. I answered a few English-written essays before, analyzed a few texts and answered tough personal questions from previous mentors. These have greatly helped me in enhancing whatever level of English I possess. With these all together, I am confident to take the WST. Young optimist I am, I believe that language should never ever curtail a child’s longing to be educated in a good school. Education for me is something to be literally fought for – something a child, no matter how financially constrained, should not fail to have. Everyone is entitled to it. I AM ENTITLED TO IT. Source: Writing Skills Test. California State University-East Bay. Retrieved 06 March 2008 at http://www. testing. csueastbay. edu/uwsr/wst/wsthome. php

Internet Banking Essay

Therefore, since U. K. consumers have used to browsing and shopping online, there are factors that U. K. mobile carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and collaborate with mobile commerce providers so that they can boost the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of conducting mobile commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $100 per month. Therefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers like Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that build the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also backed up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have faster access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction. British Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the shifting paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers using their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that business has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004). The improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy new phones and new customers segment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes issues for telecommunication companies and content providers to develop new killing applications besides voice communication that will increase the corporate revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry. To be specific, the point of discussion is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increasing number of mobile users and the development of computer technology. References American National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features & Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http://www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. Little Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research